After a period of uncertainty and strained relations, the Abraham Accords—Israel’s normalization agreements with several Arab nations—appear to be regaining momentum. Over the past year, Israel’s war against Hamas in Gaza disrupted its diplomatic progress in the region, with several Arab states distancing themselves from Jerusalem. However, recent developments suggest that ties are being rekindled, as countries reassess the strategic and economic benefits of engaging with Israel.
Ilan Berman is senior vice president of the American Foreign Policy Council in Washington, DC, writes in his article:
“Over the past year, Israel’s war against Hamas in the Gaza Strip has fundamentally upended the Jewish state’s regional relationships—and brought down the curtain, at least temporarily, on Jerusalem’s previously vibrant ties to the countries of the Abraham Accords. That, however, appears to be changing.”
Morocco Leads the Way
In November 2024, Morocco became the first Abraham Accords signatory to officially reaffirm its diplomatic relations with Israel, citing its deep Jewish heritage as a key factor. This step marks a potential turning point, signaling a revival of the 2020 normalization wave between Israel and the Arab world.
Strategic Shifts Bolstering the Accords
Israel’s recent military successes have played a significant role in this renewed diplomatic momentum. The expansion of conflict to a northern front against Hezbollah in Lebanon has led to substantial losses for the militant group, weakening its military capabilities. Moreover, Israel’s strike on Iran in late October crippled Tehran’s air defense systems and ballistic missile production, while the collapse of Syria’s Assad regime in December further disrupted Iran’s influence in the region.
These developments have significantly altered the regional security landscape. For Sunni Gulf states, which have long been wary of Iran’s influence, Israel’s military gains present an opportunity to forge closer ties, seeking security cooperation to counter Tehran’s ambitions.
U.S. Political Dynamics and Their Impact
The revival of the Abraham Accords is also influenced by American politics. The Trump administration was instrumental in facilitating the agreements in 2020, and with his potential return to office, renewed U.S. backing is expected to boost normalization efforts.
Saudi Arabia remains the most sought-after partner for Israel. Prior to the October 7 Hamas attacks, reports suggested Riyadh and Jerusalem were close to a historic agreement. Although the war in Gaza has complicated this trajectory, Saudi Arabia’s long-term strategic goals—security and economic development—remain aligned with Israel’s capabilities.
New Prospects for Normalization
In addition to Saudi Arabia, other nations such as Indonesia and Pakistan were reportedly engaging with Israel before the conflict escalated. As hostilities subside, these channels of communication could be reactivated. Middle Eastern nations such as Oman, Tunisia, and even Qatar are also seen as potential future partners, particularly if a Saudi-Israeli deal materializes.
Challenges to Progress
Despite the optimistic outlook, significant challenges remain. Israeli domestic politics, including Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s legal troubles and the hardline stance of his coalition members, could slow down diplomatic advances. Furthermore, Israel’s reluctance to address Palestinian statehood remains a point of contention for both existing and potential partners.
Conclusion
While obstacles persist, the Abraham Accords appear to be regaining traction as regional actors recognize the mutual benefits of normalization with Israel. As security dynamics evolve and economic interests take precedence, the prospect of broader regional cooperation is once again on the horizon.